4 ms·

It costs money to pay people to do those things. Maybe we can say "without advertising or promotions"?

• soared 11y ago
  I think marketing spend is the right term. They pay for marketing salaries, but had no marketing spend.
  • maroonblazer 11y ago
    It's a distinction without a difference. They invested effort - time and money - into marketing activities. Whether or not those efforts were outsourced is immaterial.
    • ryporter 11y ago
      There is a difference. You are lumping many aspects of starting a business into the marketing category. Identifying a market? That's one of the first things you do when you start a company. It's finding a group of people to market a product to. If that's marketing, then almost all aspects of a business are marketing.
      • maroonblazer 11y ago
        Perhaps you're too young to remember but there was a time when businesses didn't do things like identify a market. They started with a product and focused primarily on how to manufacture and distribute it for the least amount of money. I.e. their attention was directed inwardly and the focus was primarily about economics. Those dimensions of starting a business that we now take for granted - from identifying a market to branding and visual design of the packaging and other consumer-facing materials - come to us by way of the discipline of marketing management.
        • soared 11y ago
          Do you have any interesting articles or reading about your first paragraph? I'm too young to have even realized that was a regular thing.