mixed legacy. undoubtedly he was an unusually competent technocratic manager. he (via his command of the NYPD) was also a serial violator of civil liberties, p

mixed legacy. undoubtedly he was an unusually competent technocratic manager. he (via his command of the NYPD) was also a serial violator of civil liberties, particularly of minority communities. he also was directly involved in the "aristocratization" of many parts of Manhattan and Brooklyn and presided over what has gone on to become a major housing affordability crisis in the city.