No, it is not "chocolate as in cacao". The study says this: "Most clinical trials have used dark chocolate as the source of cocoa flavanols. In 2012, the distr

No, it is not "chocolate as in cacao". The study says this: "Most clinical trials have used dark chocolate as the source of cocoa flavanols. In 2012, the distribution share of chocolate in the United States by favourite chocolate type was 57% milk chocolate, 35% dark chocolate, and 8% white chocolate [1]. We can therefore make the assumption that the majority of chocolate consumed in this sample was dark or milk, both containing cocoa flavanols to varying degrees" But given this, another recent study comes in my mind: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/oped40/Lustig.pdf http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/oped40/Lustig.pdf (which just tells that sugar kills you with or without cacao)