Well, effectively, yes. Each seller charges VAT rate on his output and passes the buyer a special invoice that indicates the amount of tax charged. Buyers who

Well, effectively, yes. Each seller charges VAT rate on his output and passes the buyer a special invoice that indicates the amount of tax charged. Buyers who are subject to VAT on their own sales (output tax), consider the tax on the purchase invoices as input tax and can deduct the sum from their own VAT liability. The difference between output tax and input tax is paid to the government (or a refund is claimed, in the case of negative liability). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax