C++ is a multi-paradigm language. Of course that is going to be messy. There are domains of applicability where you want everyone to use the same model, the sam

C++ is a multi-paradigm language. Of course that is going to be messy. There are domains of applicability where you want everyone to use the same model, the same patterns, the same paradigms. That yields true benefits for some teams. But there are other areas where you really want to have a Big Bag Of Tricks to get things done, because they are areas where efficiency or fine-grained control are required or it just plain makes sense. I should note that most successful C++ projects I've come across seem to only use a subset of what that Big Bag O' Tricks provides. Yet in some corners, if need be, some specialized trick can be used because it makes sense there. And it ends up being much less of a hack than if it had to be done in the mono-paradigm language.