TL;DR: It's less about "apps" and more about people supported by technology. But I do believe startups can increase prosperity as long as growth (without profit

TL;DR: It's less about "apps" and more about people supported by technology. But I do believe startups can increase prosperity as long as growth (without profits) is the goal. From someone that spent 5+ years at the intersection of technology-based international development, there's a lot to learn about what works and what doesn't. Kentaro Toyama headed up Microsoft Research India's "Technology for Emerging Markets" research team and oversaw 50+ research projects spanning health, education, governance, and more. He then spent 5 years at UC Berkeley writing a book about what he learnt ("Geek Heresy", http://geekheresy.org http://geekheresy.org). I did a PhD in this general area (voice interfaces for non-literate users), and Kentaro's main thesis (technology only amplifies human capacity and intent) resonates deeply with my experience. It's all about the people, and technology is mainly an amplifier / supporter of human institutions. An "app for K-12 education" doesn't work in the traditional sense, but an app that connects awesome teachers with students, with an ecosystem that takes care of management, training, incentives, and encourages true mentorship, has a much higher chance of success.