MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Oh, really? So when I say: "x := x+1" and "throw new Exception” is that monadic? PHILOSOPHY MASTER: Most clearly. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Well,

MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Oh, really? So when I say: "x := x+1" and "throw new Exception” is that monadic? PHILOSOPHY MASTER: Most clearly. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Well, what do you know about that! These forty years now I’ve been using monads in programming without knowing it! ------------------------------- With many apologies to Molière, many things are monadic including state and exceptions. Most programming languages introduce them as first-class core concepts rather than as monad instances. Hence you can use them innocently, without realising that they are monadic.