Most of the platforms that I mentioned are not language specific. It is trivial to use Google, Youtube or FB in Spanish, and the internet has ample content in S

Most of the platforms that I mentioned are not language specific. It is trivial to use Google, Youtube or FB in Spanish, and the internet has ample content in Spanish, even in U.S. owned services (how could there not be, with 470 million speakers?). Also, sure, some content works better when each copy is paid. But my point is that a lot of the software platforms themselves: a) seem to be doing quite well on ad revenue, b) wouldn't necessarily be better for most people if they charged fees instead. Again, this applies to software services (search engines, email servers, social networks), more so than produced content itself (books, movies, games). As far as I know, the only real contender for traditional sales in the content space is crowdfunding[1]. News (investigative journalism in particular) is an interesting third case, where it is not clear whether ad supported or subscription are viable at all long term. [1] Anecdotally, some of my favorite games and comics are crowdfunded, one of my favorite "tv" shows, but none of my favorite movies or books. Even though crowdfunding a book should not be expensive at all.