In addition to nostrademons' point about virtualization, exokernels have influenced monolithic kernels in particular situations. For example, the Linux kernel's

In addition to nostrademons' point about virtualization, exokernels have influenced monolithic kernels in particular situations. For example, the Linux kernel's graphics stack is moving away from rendering through the X server, towards directly rendering into a buffer using libraries (Wayland is only the most recent step in this direction).