>"For example inventing patents and copyrights as tradable property." Those are elements of a state-enforced monopoly (over patents/copyrights). Either way, th

>"For example inventing patents and copyrights as tradable property." Those are elements of a state-enforced monopoly (over patents/copyrights). Either way, the latter example you cite is (I'd argue) just as prominent as the former. It's called value-creation (or addition?), and is the core of a supply-chain.