Just as a rough outline for how this could work, consider the following syllogism: All possible interactions are explained by Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

Just as a rough outline for how this could work, consider the following syllogism: All possible interactions are explained by Einstein's Theory of Relativity. This particular observation is not explained by Einstein. Therefore this must have a different explanation. This gives us a testable proposition by definition. This gives us proposition 2 to focus on and rebut, if we can. Generally, I think this is how good science works, but it's not codified. An additional benefit to this concept is that if stored in a central location, it gives us a graph network to deal with and search through. And it gives us a tree to look at. So anything invalidated higher up in the tree invalidates all of its branches. Which is also good.