99% encoding problems in Python 2 is because str(), the fundamental type converting function, is not safe. output = ''.join(str(x) for x in some_list) Can

99% encoding problems in Python 2 is because str(), the fundamental type converting function, is not safe. output = ''.join(str(x) for x in some_list) Can you spot the danger here? Can you imagine how many hidden str() calls in every lib/modules?