In fact, in the two instances where I've worked at "closed shop" places early in my career, the combination of HAVING to join the union to keep my job, and Unio

In fact, in the two instances where I've worked at "closed shop" places early in my career, the combination of HAVING to join the union to keep my job, and Union dues, meant that I would have been making LESS than minimum wage as a result! (Worse in one case the dues were annual but I had to pay half up front-- which I wouldn't get back if I lost the job.)