I am not aware of any legal roadblock to this, though there may be one. (I wouldn't be surprised if there were - there are already plenty of laws restricting pr

I am not aware of any legal roadblock to this, though there may be one. (I wouldn't be surprised if there were - there are already plenty of laws restricting providers from taking money for the same kinds of services that Medicare funds, even if Medicare isn't actually funding that service, which is terrible for Medicare patients who want to pay out-of-pocket certain care above the limit for what their plan covers and discover that they literally cannot.) But besides that, the Gates Foundation has decided that the most effective way to spend its money, dollar-for-dollar, is on efforts like polio eradication and malaria research. You'd have to convince them that this would be the most worthwhile use of their money - and quite frankly, if I were in their shoes, I wouldn't. Even if lowering the costs of healthcare in the US were their explicit goal (it's not), it would be a rather inefficient way to go about it. And eradicating infectious diseases that largely affect the poor is a much bigger win for humanity than an ongoing subsidy[0] for medical care in the developed world. [0] This would require perpetual funding for it to be effective; as soon as they decided to stop funding residency programs, we'd go back to the status quo.