True, though Volvo != Volkswagen. We're left with three options, each of which is unappealing to some group. 1) Leave affected VWs as-is. Fine VW as necessary

True, though Volvo != Volkswagen. We're left with three options, each of which is unappealing to some group. 1) Leave affected VWs as-is. Fine VW as necessary. Cars will continue to pollute above the permitted amount. 2) Neuter affected VWs. Fine VW as necessary. Owners will suffer performance loss. 3) Neuter/recall affected VWs. Require VW to compensate owners the price of a replacement. Not sure how VW would fare with such a steep fine.