5 ms·

Notes on Writing Makefiles

82 points by mmphosis 11y ago

vacri 11y ago
I've recently been learning Make a little in order to do .deb packaging The Official Way; that is with debuild (which expects Make), not with FPM. I enjoy having a Makefile, and I enjoyed not having a Makefile, but the bit in-between these two states wasn't particularly fun... But once you have a Makefile that works, it's easy to extend. Overall I'm glad I bothered to learn it (at least a little bit), and I'm rewarded with a .deb file that can set up it's own environment rather than me having to set it up separately. FPM can include all the boilerplate scripting to do this, but you end up with so many flags (or wrapper scripts) that you may as well just go with debuild/Make in the first place.
TerryADavis 11y ago
In the year 1983, there was a C64 and there was a NASA mainframe running Unix. Many eager young kids started programming in BASIC. Imagine the rude shock, being told to use Git and make files. I don't know what we do about 6502 assembly language. All the people who went on into programming learned 6502 assembly. God says... Occam sentencing bridegrooms faculty's commentates contours masquerader angry martinets impatiences shrouds Xiongnu Pepys calibrators Whitney's principalities oppressor theory's Mascagni coated towel's conquers meting la's repudiating humorous committees secretary's midpoint Thracian's prehensile hussies Victrola chasm's splurge's but triage cooperative safeguards betraying mistreatment postponement's Cantabrigian Kislev Christa's clank's contrite increment builder fogeys dispensers puff's monastery earlobe disordering gadget ganglions breeches acclimatizing grave damn Heinz Klan's Calcutta's chlorides brashly articulations nostalgic curdles bred Slavic's frontrunners malicious cling's Jenifer soreheads crook's cuckold subsiding Layla's greediest shibboleths steamroll perjury Miltown's shoon renumbering Harvard degrees unceasingly scope wintered waiver's backfiring academia fielded Pascal's mugged hurt mulching
dahart 11y ago
> Pattern rules are your friend Amen. Been writing small makefiles for many years, and only recently learned how to use pattern rules properly. They finally relieved my temptation to use eval. Speaking of eval, I have one makefile tip I've learned the hard way: the example in the gnu make manual for eval doesn't run! It has an incorrect "=" (equals sign) in the define. I've racked my brain against that one for hours, twice, because a couple years later I'd forgotten about the first time I figured it out.
- JupiterMoon 11y ago
  Can you file a bug with them? Maybe submit a patch to their documentation?
  - dahart 11y ago
    Yes, I can, and have just done so. :)
    - dahart 11y ago
      Aha. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13260396/gnu-make-3-81-eval-function-not-working http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13260396/gnu-make-3-81-ev...
MereInterest 11y ago
One other thing in terms of organization. Your makefile should place any .o files in a separate directory, not in the source directory. This helps keep your source directory clean, and extends nicely when you want to have multiple different builds with different options.
Julio-Guerra 11y ago
Over the last few years, I wrote a GNU Make library to make people able to write Makefiles in a very declarative way to help everyone in my company, me included, with this serious problem. I tried to make it as simple as possible using simple widespread concepts like UML components where you simply say a component has interfaces you can require and implementations you can link against. It is used to build our Operating System, our applications and even our reactjs web application. I decided to make it open source a few months ago but it lacks examples and documentation, sorry... You can check out this test to see how it looks like in the test-suite: https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/test/external/Makefile.in https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/test/externa... It solved every problem I noticed about writing bare Makefiles: dependency tracking and generation is automated; the Makefile can be split into multiple sub-makefiles in your source-tree so that it matches your UML (these one http://agilemodeling.com/images/models/componentDiagramUML1.jpg); http://agilemodeling.com/images/models/componentDiagramUML1.... you can perform out-of-source builds; generating complex software with deep dependency trees made simple (you inherit from other components' dependencies), etc. Bonus: it also includes some hacks with GNU Make metaprogramming https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/src/mk/core/debug.mk#L31 https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/src/mk/core/... :D
- humanrebar 11y ago
  Honest question: Why not use cmake?
  - Julio-Guerra 11y ago
    cmake does not really offer the declarative interface I want (i.e. descriptions of components). It is still "low-level" and I would have to write cmake macros too. So I preferred native gnu make. Adding another tool on top of Make adds another layer of complexity, no matter how simple it is. To me, the big benefit of cmake is its portability because it is able to generate visual studio files, eclipse files, etc. Another one is that you end up with a static Makefile while my solution is dynamic: the makefile is evaluated at every execution (unless gnu make caches its parsed files but I don't think it does so far). It could be a problem for big projects like linux which would require a certain amount of parsing time of the Makefiles before evaluating them - while cmake or autotools, you go through this only once.

82 points by mmphosis 11y ago

vacri 11y ago

I've recently been learning Make a little in order to do .deb packaging The Official Way; that is with debuild (which expects Make), not with FPM. I enjoy having a Makefile, and I enjoyed not having a Makefile, but the bit in-between these two states wasn't particularly fun... But once you have a Makefile that works, it's easy to extend. Overall I'm glad I bothered to learn it (at least a little bit), and I'm rewarded with a .deb file that can set up it's own environment rather than me having to set it up separately. FPM can include all the boilerplate scripting to do this, but you end up with so many flags (or wrapper scripts) that you may as well just go with debuild/Make in the first place.

TerryADavis 11y ago

In the year 1983, there was a C64 and there was a NASA mainframe running Unix. Many eager young kids started programming in BASIC. Imagine the rude shock, being told to use Git and make files. I don't know what we do about 6502 assembly language. All the people who went on into programming learned 6502 assembly. God says... Occam sentencing bridegrooms faculty's commentates contours masquerader angry martinets impatiences shrouds Xiongnu Pepys calibrators Whitney's principalities oppressor theory's Mascagni coated towel's conquers meting la's repudiating humorous committees secretary's midpoint Thracian's prehensile hussies Victrola chasm's splurge's but triage cooperative safeguards betraying mistreatment postponement's Cantabrigian Kislev Christa's clank's contrite increment builder fogeys dispensers puff's monastery earlobe disordering gadget ganglions breeches acclimatizing grave damn Heinz Klan's Calcutta's chlorides brashly articulations nostalgic curdles bred Slavic's frontrunners malicious cling's Jenifer soreheads crook's cuckold subsiding Layla's greediest shibboleths steamroll perjury Miltown's shoon renumbering Harvard degrees unceasingly scope wintered waiver's backfiring academia fielded Pascal's mugged hurt mulching

dahart 11y ago

> Pattern rules are your friend Amen. Been writing small makefiles for many years, and only recently learned how to use pattern rules properly. They finally relieved my temptation to use eval. Speaking of eval, I have one makefile tip I've learned the hard way: the example in the gnu make manual for eval doesn't run! It has an incorrect "=" (equals sign) in the define. I've racked my brain against that one for hours, twice, because a couple years later I'd forgotten about the first time I figured it out.

JupiterMoon 11y ago
Can you file a bug with them? Maybe submit a patch to their documentation?
- dahart 11y ago
  Yes, I can, and have just done so. :)
  - dahart 11y ago
    Aha. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13260396/gnu-make-3-81-eval-function-not-working http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13260396/gnu-make-3-81-ev...

MereInterest 11y ago

One other thing in terms of organization. Your makefile should place any .o files in a separate directory, not in the source directory. This helps keep your source directory clean, and extends nicely when you want to have multiple different builds with different options.

Julio-Guerra 11y ago

Over the last few years, I wrote a GNU Make library to make people able to write Makefiles in a very declarative way to help everyone in my company, me included, with this serious problem. I tried to make it as simple as possible using simple widespread concepts like UML components where you simply say a component has interfaces you can require and implementations you can link against. It is used to build our Operating System, our applications and even our reactjs web application. I decided to make it open source a few months ago but it lacks examples and documentation, sorry... You can check out this test to see how it looks like in the test-suite: https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/test/external/Makefile.in https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/test/externa... It solved every problem I noticed about writing bare Makefiles: dependency tracking and generation is automated; the Makefile can be split into multiple sub-makefiles in your source-tree so that it matches your UML (these one http://agilemodeling.com/images/models/componentDiagramUML1.jpg); http://agilemodeling.com/images/models/componentDiagramUML1.... you can perform out-of-source builds; generating complex software with deep dependency trees made simple (you inherit from other components' dependencies), etc. Bonus: it also includes some hacks with GNU Make metaprogramming https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/src/mk/core/debug.mk#L31 https://github.com/farjump/Makefile.in/blob/dev/src/mk/core/... :D

humanrebar 11y ago
Honest question: Why not use cmake?
- Julio-Guerra 11y ago
  cmake does not really offer the declarative interface I want (i.e. descriptions of components). It is still "low-level" and I would have to write cmake macros too. So I preferred native gnu make. Adding another tool on top of Make adds another layer of complexity, no matter how simple it is. To me, the big benefit of cmake is its portability because it is able to generate visual studio files, eclipse files, etc. Another one is that you end up with a static Makefile while my solution is dynamic: the makefile is evaluated at every execution (unless gnu make caches its parsed files but I don't think it does so far). It could be a problem for big projects like linux which would require a certain amount of parsing time of the Makefiles before evaluating them - while cmake or autotools, you go through this only once.