Both of them are legal, but 1) for HAM Radio you need to apply for a license, acquire a call sign, the process is not very painful, but takes some time. People

Both of them are legal, but 1) for HAM Radio you need to apply for a license, acquire a call sign, the process is not very painful, but takes some time. People in HAM circles are really very nice and quite friendly, btw. 2) SatCom and other one-way or two-way systems are under control by the "State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television", but they have no legislation, they need to ask local police nicely to intervene or to talk to you. Using these techs as a harmless individual may be safe, but if things get worse, circumventing GFW could be criminalized.