Are there any studies that reach "negative" conclusions on the impact of welfare systems? I thought surely there must be given how messy real world data is and

Are there any studies that reach "negative" conclusions on the impact of welfare systems? I thought surely there must be given how messy real world data is and how widely varied opinion is on the topic. A quick search only revealed more studies reaching similar conclusions to this one and the only articles speaking out against these programs were newspaper opinion pieces.