Nice estimates. The nominal US estate tax rate for estates $1M over the exclusion is 40% so I would say your estimate of 6.5% shows how effective the 1% have be

Nice estimates. The nominal US estate tax rate for estates $1M over the exclusion is 40% so I would say your estimate of 6.5% shows how effective the 1% have been at sheltering their wealth from estate tax. The GRAT was invented (and patented[1]) as a way to transfer money tax free after congress closed the GRIT loophole in 1990: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantor_retained_annuity_trust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantor_retained_annuity_trust [1] https://www.google.com/patents/US6567790 https://www.google.com/patents/US6567790