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Windshields are laminated safety glass, which it sounds like you might be confusing with tempered safety glass. There's a huge difference in how those break.
by Natsu 11y ago
Windshields are laminated safety glass, which it sounds like you might be confusing with tempered safety glass. There's a huge difference in how those break.
Laminated glass remains in one solid mass held together by the plastic sheet in the middle, while tempered glass explodes into tiny pieces that are sharp but not overly harmful. Ordinary annealed glass breaks into long, dagger-like pieces that are dangerously sharp, which is why it's tempered or laminated into safety glass.
So the windshield is meant not to break apart, because it's laminated rather than tempered. The polymer lining between the lites of glass prevents it from scattering and causes it to be quite impact resistant. [1] Conversely, you'd really hate to have tempered glass as your windshield, if it broke the entire thing would just pop into tiny pieces that would get into your eyes. If a rock hit hard enough to break a hypothetical tempered windshield, the parts that didn't pop would be filled with cracks and impossible to see through due to being white from being filled with tiny cracks, though you could just bat them out of the way as any parts were partially intact would simply crumble when moved.
The side windows are tempered, incidentally. If you've ever broken a side window, you know what I mean about the whole thing just exploding. [2] If you manage to pop it, the entire window will just fall apart easily, which might be good if you had to leave from the window of a car. It can cause small cuts and scratches and such, but it's not terribly dangerous unless it gets in your eyes, even if, say, a sheet of 3mm, 33 1/4 x 73 1/4 inch glass breaks while you're holding it. [3] It's no fun, but when you compare it to the fact that annealed glass accidents have been fatal, it's not so bad. [4] Yes, I used to work for a glass factory, so when I say that I've seen hundreds of tons of broken glass, the word 'tons' should be understood in the literal, 2,000 lbs sense of the word.
[1] Source: Determined empirically by beating on damaged pieces of it with a shovel, when said pieces wouldn't fit into the dumpster. Or you can read this, whatever: http://sem-proceedings.com/10f/sem.org-IMPLAST-2010-SEM-Fall-s004p01-Blast-Impact-Resistance-Laminated-Glass-Structures.pdf http://sem-proceedings.com/10f/sem.org-IMPLAST-2010-SEM-Fall...
[2] See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPwaq_6aXbo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPwaq_6aXbo This normally happens only if hit from the corner or an edge, but it can happen just randomly. We usually saw this in winter, but only a few times a year, meaning there was at most about a 1 in 10,000 chance of spontaneous breakage in my experience and probably significantly less based on the average daily volume numbers I remember. When there's something containing the edge of tempered, it sometimes just takes on a white, broken look due to all the cracks, but crumbles to the touch. It tends to just disintegrate like in the video most of the time, though.
[3] Source: Direct, personal experience on multiple occasions for that very size and many others. This is an every-day kind of thing and causes no injury to someone with proper safety gear.
[4] Source: I'm directly aware of at least one such accident where someone was found dead after having their neck cut when attempting to dispose of a cracked sheet. I also provided first aid to someone who could've lost a hand to injury.
- vlehto 11y agoI thought windshields are tempered and laminated. Not that it significantly changes what you said. Just explains why occasional shards flying away from windshields are not that sharp.
- Natsu 11y agoI have never heard of a glass that's tempered & laminated. I'm not sure you could temper a glass flat enough to laminate it, either--it moves on rollers during the entire tempering process to keep it (mostly) flat, but it's nowhere near as flat as it is coming from the float plant and distortion is measured as part of the QC process. You also can't temper any laminate that I know of--the liner would simply melt and cause a mess in the furnace. Our tempering furnace operated in the 700-800F range. They might seam the edges of the laminate, though, like you do with annealed glass before tempering. I didn't work with windshields, only window glass, including some 6mm clear tempered that went to Google.
- vlehto 11y agoTempered laminated exists. But I can't find anything about it being used in car windshields. My bad, sorry. The way I would do it would be chemical tempering before laminating. Then you probably have lot less warping.
- Natsu 11y agoYes, the break pattern of a windshield is consistent with annealed glass. If it were tempered, the entire window could become an opaque white whenever it was damaged by a rock and that just wouldn't be safe. Not that the 'spiderweb' pattern is easy to see through, but it's better than being fully opaque. I'm not familiar with any tempered laminates as we never made such, but a chemical process sounds more reasonable than trying to get laminated glass through a tempering furnace or laminate two tempered lites.