> For example: I don't understand why Python, JavaScript, Java, Ruby, and so on have not delivered tools that ease the path for those who wish to write applicat

> For example: I don't understand why Python, JavaScript, Java, Ruby, and so on have not delivered tools that ease the path for those who wish to write applications designed to run code from untrusted sources. I think this would make the web a lot more competitive and overall healthier as an independent institution. You would have to ask the Python, Ruby etc. people why they don't work on it more, but from the side of the web, there is plenty of effort. First, several languages like those have been ported to the web, by porting their VMs: http://kripken.github.io/lua.vm.js/lua.vm.js.html http://kripken.github.io/lua.vm.js/lua.vm.js.html http://ruby.dj/ http://ruby.dj/ https://github.com/replit/empythoned https://github.com/replit/empythoned Instead of each language needing to devise a sandboxing mechanism, by porting them to the web, they can be run safely there. This is also much safer for the web: just one sandbox, instead of many. WebAssembly will improve those ports, by reducing code size and download times and so forth.