> it only takes a few stubborn people This applies to land as well. It only takes a few people to ruin a golf course, or a highway we want to build if they com

> it only takes a few stubborn people This applies to land as well. It only takes a few people to ruin a golf course, or a highway we want to build if they commit trespass or refuse to sell their land. Yet, we make it work by considering eminent domain ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminent_domain#United_States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminent_domain#United_States ) which requires "public use" and "just compensation", and NOT by appropriating ALL of the land EVERYWHERE for ALL TIMES. As long as property rights enforcement is there, the number of lawsuits shouldn't be a problem. If trespassing on land isn't a huge problem, why would trespassing of spectrum be? Your observatory example sounds like tragedy of the commons. The article has this quote: "The tragedy of the commons isn't a symptom of too much market; it is the result rather of not enough private property. All allocation of scarce goods will be most efficiently handled by the price system—so long as enforceable property rights are well defined."