I like that question, and I've asked a few people here (I live in Chengdu, China) about it. Anecdotally, it's some of both. City people tend to view raising a c

I like that question, and I've asked a few people here (I live in Chengdu, China) about it. Anecdotally, it's some of both. City people tend to view raising a child as very expensive, mainly because of education, so many expect they can only afford one. And since that has become the new norm, they're comfortable with that. But many also plan to have two children. Most I've met who already have a child and could feasibly have a second, don't plan to. I suspect they've already gone through the decision to only have one and don't want to revisit it. However, I don't know what the rural attitudes are, since I haven't talked with people in the countryside. I think China's demographic future looks a lot like South Korea's or Japan's, with a shortage of young people: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan