well, the typeclasses are 'determined' at compile-time, but they are certainly de-sugared into extra function paramaters that are still passed around (injected)

well, the typeclasses are 'determined' at compile-time, but they are certainly de-sugared into extra function paramaters that are still passed around (injected) at run-time. Haskell does not completely specialize this away (even though in theory it could). But i grant you manual threading allows the user to do different things than expected.