The issue appears to be, that lab testing does not emulate real-world driving conditions. So in the field, emissions are higher than in the lab. These four car

The issue appears to be, that lab testing does not emulate real-world driving conditions. So in the field, emissions are higher than in the lab. These four car makers involved in the report differ from VW: they do not have a defeat device in their design. Their results are solely because of the lab-vs-road issue. I think too !