That mechanism wouldn't work very well though, because it's a situation with low risk, where it's hard to prove who caused the harm, and even when you do, the d

That mechanism wouldn't work very well though, because it's a situation with low risk, where it's hard to prove who caused the harm, and even when you do, the damages are so high, the injury won't be restored: For instance, if an influenza outbreak, that we assumed was caused by a set of 5 people in a school contracting the disease, and that killed 10 people, would not lead to multi million dollar payouts to the families of those that died, because chances are, there are no millions of dollars to give. So the compensation will not be any good. Therefore, all you have left is deterrent, but really, do you think an anti vaxxer would care about going bankrupt, vs their perceived chance of their kid getting autism? I'd be very surprised if it provided any deterrent at all.