What you are interested in knowing about is Universal Quantum Gates. These are the quantum analog of AND, OR, NOT from which all other computations can be built

What you are interested in knowing about is Universal Quantum Gates. These are the quantum analog of AND, OR, NOT from which all other computations can be built. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gate#Universal_quantum_gates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gate#Universal_quantum... In answer to your question, you are mistaken. The Cnot gate plus a few Single qubit gates {haddamard, pi/8, phase shift} are sufficent for any quantum algorithm including shors. Also not to be pedantic but computers are made of silicon. Breasts are made of silicone.