From the article: > Their executives concentrate on complex, expensive products for the highest-end customer. That creates an opportunity for upstarts to come

From the article: > Their executives concentrate on complex, expensive products for the highest-end customer. That creates an opportunity for upstarts to come up with cheaper products or services that get them entry into a market via low-end customers. The article mentions IBM, but doesn't go any deeper. But the description above seems to fit the way IBM has been disrupted by Amazon-AWS to a T.