>How else is anyone supposed to litigate trade disputes? In the country's courts, much like any other commercial dispute. >Shouldn't it be immediately obvious

>How else is anyone supposed to litigate trade disputes? In the country's courts, much like any other commercial dispute. >Shouldn't it be immediately obvious why a company that ostensibly had mining rights in Canada can't expect a fair result to a dispute with Canada by suing in Canadian court? No. If you assume a fair, transparent legal system, which Canada more or less has then you should expect a fair result. The legal status of the mining rights can be agreed upon as part of the treaty, much as it is in any other trade treaty. It ought to be immediately obvious that a secret court that supersedes national law overseen by corporate lawyers is not going to deliver a fair result.