I wonder to what degree this is due to Europe's use, as I understand it, of an absurdly optimistic testing procedure (NEDC) which does not reflect real-world dr

I wonder to what degree this is due to Europe's use, as I understand it, of an absurdly optimistic testing procedure (NEDC) which does not reflect real-world driving patterns. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_European_Driving_Cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_European_Driving_Cycle http://www.car-engineer.com/the-different-driving-cycles/ http://www.car-engineer.com/the-different-driving-cycles/