Voter turn-out indicates that information about platforms is passing from politicians to voters, and information about preferences is passing from voters to pol

Voter turn-out indicates that information about platforms is passing from politicians to voters, and information about preferences is passing from voters to politicians. Low voter turn-out has tended to co-occur with the managerial turn of politics, in which no party or candidate offers any substantial choice to even the most enthusiastically civic subset of the population. Essentially, low voter turnout is a correlated symptom of de-facto oligarchy.