Question, are these cars just tested right off the lot? Here in the US, there is a policy that mandates cars at random to be tested by EPA when they're between

Question, are these cars just tested right off the lot? Here in the US, there is a policy that mandates cars at random to be tested by EPA when they're between 2 and 5 years old. People will get randomly picked for that test and get compensated for it. I had my 2009 Dodge Caliber tested like this. They took the car for couple of weeks and gave me a nice rental along with several hundred bucks and any repairs free of charge. My car ended up failing the EPA tests so they replaced a few things in it to get it up to spec so it passes.