It says "A second reason for the delay in adopting modern automation is the effect on union jobs." However, the Port of Rotterdam also has a union. For example

It says "A second reason for the delay in adopting modern automation is the effect on union jobs." However, the Port of Rotterdam also has a union. For example, http://www.porttechnology.org/news/dock_workers_suspend_rotterdam_port_strikes http://www.porttechnology.org/news/dock_workers_suspend_rott... mentions a 'three-week campaign of rolling wildcat strikes at the APM Terminals container facility' in Rotterdam in 2012. Why could Rotterdam become more automated with a union while Oakland has not?