Australia has the 'PBS' system. It largely works in 2 parts; One the medicine is subsidised with a user co-payment. And secondly the government negotiates with

Australia has the 'PBS' system. It largely works in 2 parts; One the medicine is subsidised with a user co-payment. And secondly the government negotiates with companies to be in the PBS program. This way, especially where there are multiple drug choices there is massive negotiation power. They essentially offer access to our entire country or none. Another effect is this scheme encourages generics so people don't pay for brand names, and if they do they're likely off the PBS list so you would pay full price so the government doesn't have to subsidise the premium. It's not a perfect system and it's getting more expensive but it works OK in the privitised medicine system: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Benefits_Scheme https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Benefits_Scheme