Given the caveat that performance is always a question of how well the implementation performs inside the limits given by the language: Yes Turbo Pascal produce

Given the caveat that performance is always a question of how well the implementation performs inside the limits given by the language: Yes Turbo Pascal produced fast code. About as fast as Turbo C. Which was really quite fast. Also, the compilation process itself was very fast compared to other Pascal compilers. About the question you didn't specifically ask: There's no reason (apart from optional stuff, like array bounds checking) that a Pascal compiler couldn't produce code of equivalent speed as a C compiler. (There is one language with a potential speed advantage over Pascal/C/equivalents and that's Fortran.)