This is not always the case. Null pointer derefs are just indicators that the program got into an invalid state. Is the fix to provide some alternative pathway

This is not always the case. Null pointer derefs are just indicators that the program got into an invalid state. Is the fix to provide some alternative pathway when the program got in a bad state or is it to prevent the bad state from happening in the first place? If the fix is to prevent the bad state, tracking down how that state occurred in the first place can often be time consuming in the case of data races.