My apologies, in this you are correct. I confused Matthew Paris’ map of Great Britain with the Anglo-Saxon map. For the other things, you are not correct. Lik

My apologies, in this you are correct. I confused Matthew Paris’ map of Great Britain with the Anglo-Saxon map. For the other things, you are not correct. Like I said, different cultures from the northern hemisphere had different conventions. The European ones in the Middle Ages had east at the top. The Arabic ones had south at the top. The Greek ones based on Ptolemy, as you say, had north at the top. You keep mentioning the flow of rivers, but have yet to present any evidence that that was a universal reason. All you do is repeat yourself. Given all of the European maps with east at the top - I listed several, from several different countries - which rivers are they aligned with? For example, the Wikipedia page describing why a "T and O map" (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_and_O_map https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_and_O_map ) is made with east at the top says nothing about the flow of any river in explaining the layout.