Poland seems exceptional in this regard - there are local chains here, but they are heavily outmassed by foreign brands, ranging from German LIDL, through Portu

Poland seems exceptional in this regard - there are local chains here, but they are heavily outmassed by foreign brands, ranging from German LIDL, through Portuguese Jeronimo Martins to French and British franchises. That's probably because of a skewed tax policy favouring foreign companies over locals, which I have a hard time understanding.