2 ms·

... And then how do we know the CPU's microcode executing these instructions is correct? The tests may reproduce the same error.

• scott_s 11y ago
  It's a valid question, but hardware has much more formal verification than software.
  • _asummers 11y ago
    Modern CPUs do not necessarily correlate assembly to exact machine instructions, due to things like pipelining. [0][1] [0] http://blog.erratasec.com/2015/03/x86-is-high-level-language.html http://blog.erratasec.com/2015/03/x86-is-high-level-language... [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9264195 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9264195
    • scott_s 11y ago
      This is true, but not an issue when it comes to this issue. All of that falls under the formal verification for processors.